How Men Can Take Care of Their Sexual Health

What Men Can Do to Ensure Their Sexual Health Is Strong

Mental and physical care are both critical to a man’s libido and reproductive well-being.

Author: Helen Massy
Published: March 06, 2023

This article is a repost which originally appeared on Giddy

Edited for content. The opinions expressed in this article may not reflect the opinions of this site’s editors, staff or members.

Key Points

‧ Maintaining good sexual health is important for men.

‧ Mental health will have a large impact on sexual well-being.

‧ 20-30% of men in their 20s and 30s experience some form of ED.

Sexual health is an essential part of every man’s life. As well as protecting yourself from sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and diseases (STDs) or preventing unwanted pregnancies, sexual health is about having safer, satisfying sex and a positive and respectful approach to sexuality and relationships.

Understanding how to look after your sexual health benefits both you and your partner.

The best place to start is by getting to know your body and your reproductive system, and what’s normal and what’s not normal. This way, you can quickly identify any problems and seek medical support to address them.

There are multiple aspects to men’s sexual health, including physical health and mental health. Lifestyle factors influence all of these elements, either in a positive or negative way.

Men’s health and sexual health

A few of the essential aspects of a male’s sexual health are desire, erections and endurance, explained James J. Elist, M.D., a urologist in Beverly Hills, California, who specializes in impotence and male sexual dysfunction.

Being sexually healthy enables a man to fully participate in and enjoy sexual activity.

The body can’t just rely on physical health to create desire, erections and endurance, though. Physiology, mental health and emotional health can affect both libido and sexual function.

Male sexual health isn’t just about the ability to enjoy sex. It’s also about preventing STIs/STDs and identifying any problems with fertility. It’s about understanding how to prevent unwanted pregnancies and ensuring sex is consensual, respectful and safe for both partners.

Mental health and men’s sexual health

Mental health can directly impact sexual health and vice versa.

“Low libido, erectile dysfunction [ED] and premature ejaculation can all be exacerbated by negative mental health experiences, whether that’s traumatic experiences, relationship or professional workplace stress, depression or anxiety,” Elist said.

He explained that those negative mental health experiences can lead to worsened sexual performance, which in turn leads to more strains on mental health, driven by decreased self-confidence and self-worth as a result of poor performance in bed.

This leads to a negative cycle in which one feeds into the other.

“As such, it’s important to seek solutions early on to prevent any issues from worsening. Taking care of one’s mental health through therapy, meditation, etcetera can often improve sexual health issues as well,” Elist said.

If you find your mental health is affecting your sexual health, or problems with sex or sexuality are affecting your mental health, you can explore a number of options with your healthcare provider to address either issue.

Physical health and men’s sexual health

“It all begins with male libido,” Elist said of the connection between physical health and sexual health. “A man must have the desire to engage in sexual activity in the first place.”

Unfortunately, he said, as guys get older, libido tends to decrease as testosterone decreases. Obviously, for a man to be able to perform sexually, he must be able to achieve and maintain an erection. You can take steps to address this issue.

“As with testosterone and libido, erectile function also relies on staying healthy, particularly maintaining cardiovascular health, avoiding cigarettes and exercising frequently to get the blood pumping,” Elist said.

Once a man achieves an erection, he must maintain the erection and be able to last long enough to enjoy a sexually satisfying experience for both himself and his partner.

“Often, premature ejaculation can get in the way, which is why it’s important to limit stress and practice pelvic floor exercises if that’s an issue an individual deals with,” he said.

There is no need to suffer in silence if you have any problems with your libido, erection, ejaculation or performance. Seek help from your healthcare provider if you are experiencing problems, as many treatment options are available to help you feel comfortable and satisfied when having sex.

What’s a ‘normal’ sex drive?

Sex drive varies depending on a man’s age. Elist explained what happens to libido across the stages of life:

‧ In his early 20s, an individual can desire sex almost daily.

‧ Starting in his mid-30s, an individual’s testosterone levels begin to decrease by approximately 1 percent per year.

‧ Upon reaching his 60s, sexual desire may lessen even further for many men.

While there’s no “normal” level of sex drive for men, Elist stressed it is normal for levels to decrease over time.

“However, that trend can be partially mitigated and offset through regular exercise, eating healthy and maintaining a consistent sleep schedule,” he said.

Sexual health and reproductive health

“There are various issues that can impact an individual’s reproductive health and fertility, from stress to smoking to excessive testosterone use,” Elist explained.

To look after reproductive health, men should undertake a testicular self-exam routinely to ensure that there are no signs of lumps or tumors. Cancer is obviously a concern here, but fertility comes into the picture, too.

Testicular self-exams and examinations by a physician can help men identify the presence of a varicocele, a dilated vein inside the scrotum that can increase the temperature of the testicles and negatively affect sperm development, according to Elist.

Sperm counts decrease by an estimated 40 percent for every degree the testicles rise in temperature.

Elist also highlighted that the excessive use of testosterone or androgens could damage the testicles. Tobacco and frequent marijuana use can also decrease sperm count. All of these factors should be considered if a man is experiencing fertility issues.

Your healthcare provider can use various tests to help establish fertility problems, including the following:

‧ STI/STD testing
‧ Semen analysis
‧ Urinalysis
‧ Hormone testing
‧ Ultrasound scans
‧ Testicular biopsies

Complications and related conditions

The most common male sexual dysfunctions men should be aware of, according to Elist, include:

‧ Low testosterone
‧ Low libido
‧ Erectile dysfunction
‧ Premature ejaculation

ED is an issue that impacts more than half of all men at some point in their lives.

“While many think erectile dysfunction is an issue that only affects older men, it can actually impact 20 percent to 30 percent of men in their 20s and 30s,” Elist said.

Premature ejaculation is an issue that impacts nearly 40 percent of all men.

“It is characterized by sexual activity that often lasts one minute or less and sexual experiences which cause stress and frustration,” Elist explained.

You can address premature ejaculation issues with a combination of solutions that could include meditation, pelvic floor exercises, supplements, lidocaine sprays or prescription SSRIs, or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.

“Other issues, such as delayed ejaculation, retrograde ejaculation and Peyronie’s disease, are less common, but if an individual is experiencing any of those issues, then it’s important to discuss them with a urologist,” he added.

 

Get a Stronger, Healthier Penis – Penis Health Plan

The Ultimate Training Plan for a Stronger, Healthier Penis

Power up your package and sexual performance.

By Jon Irwin

Published: Oct 25, 2022

This article is a repost which originally appeared on Men’s Health.

Edited for content. The opinions expressed in this article may not reflect the opinions of this site’s editors, staff or members.

Our Takeaways:

· Exercises can be performed for better penile function.

· Regular, productive sexual activity is excellent for optimizing penile function.

· If you suffer from serious negative effects, please seek out medical professional assistance.

“Fitness Routine” usually conjures up whatever gets you more endurance or stronger muscles. But devoting a little time to a few routines and developing new habits can also result in a stronger, healthier penis. Think of it as Third Leg Day.

Peak-performing junk (penis, balls, prostate, and pelvis—the whole enchilada) puts bathroom breaks under your control and houses sperm that are both plentiful and swift. Whether you think your package is working great, struggling, or doing something in between, these tips will help you get your gear in gear.

How to optimize your package if you are basically fine

That means everything is working okay—you just want to keep it that way.

Raise the frequency

Men who had sex less than once a week had a higher risk of erectile dysfunction than guys who did it at least once a week, according to a study in The American Journal of Medicine, making it one of the most useful (and fun!) ways to keep your penis strong. Even better, DIY sex is good, too. If you’ve noticed that you have a hard time maintaining an erection or reaching orgasm without, say, watching certain videos on the Internet, then you might want to try an orgasm ban during sex, even for a day, says sex educator Lawrence A. Siegel. This shifts the focus away from the endpoint and toward pleasure in the moment.

Find the right stuff for your stuff

When jock itch is driving you nuts, bypass online advice to apply apple–cider vinegar, cocoa butter, or Vicks VapoRub—they can leave you more uncomfortable without helping—and start with an OTC antifungal cream (like Lotrimin). Then avoid repeat infections: Put those boxer briefs on carefully at the gym and treat athlete’s foot and sweaty shoes with an antifungal powder, says MH dermatology advisor Corey L. Hartman, M.D.

Wrap it

Rates of the most reportable sexually transmitted infections have surpassed prepandemic levels, according to the CDC. At last estimate, one in five people in the U. S. has an STI. If you’re convinced condoms are still nothing but barriers to pleasure, you haven’t checked out the market for a while. P. S. condoms are known for feeling as if there’s nothing there. Skyn condoms have a soft texture and are nonlatex.

How to optimize if you are sort of fine

“Sort of fine” meaning you have problems getting or keeping it up—and maybe bladder leakage. Things may also look slightly . . . off?

Add a daily workout

Treat your pelvic floor like the muscles it’s made of and do isometric contraction sets. These Kegels improve bladder control and “have been shown to allow men to control ejaculations and enhance orgasm,” says Jamin Brahmbhatt, M.D., an assistant professor of urology at UCF College of Medicine. Tighten the muscles that stop your pee midstream for 3 seconds, relax them for 3, and repeat 10 times. Aim for 3 sets a day.

Get that checked out

Pimples? Bumps? Rashes? Go to a doctor to figure out what’s going on. Yes, there are apps out there where you can take a photo of your stuff and get a diagnosis of what’s up, but MH urology advisor Elizabeth Kavaler, M.D., says that using an app to detect an STI is “totally crazy.” You can order an at-home STI test kit (LetsGetChecked.com, Everlywell), but if what you have isn’t an STI, the kit can’t tell you what the trouble actually is. Only a real live doctor can do that.

How to optimize if you are not fine

In other words, “not fine” is when you can’t maintain an erection. And the urge to urinate is all the time.

Bolster your bladder

If “drip” describes your latest bathroom trip, you may have benign prostatic hyperplasia, a usually innocuous yet annoying enlarged prostate gland. The good news is that there are many treatments after diagnosis. Talk to your doctor about saw-palmetto extract, a supplement that can reduce urinary symptoms for some men, says Dr. Kavaler. Prescription drugs and minimally invasive surgeries can also help.

Eliminate the negative

Having a hard time staying hard? Maybe it’s your attitude. Men with higher levels of suspicious jealousy concerning their mate tend to have higher levels of erectile dysfunction, according to research by Gavin Vance at Oakland University. One way to cut through the envy is with sensate-focus therapy, a technique that uses touch, like holding hands, to decrease anxiety and increase intimacy.

Seek treatment for ED

If you’ve ruled out pills due to side effects or preexisting conditions, consider injectables. Sounds scary, but intracavernosal injections do the same thing as pills—increase blood flow—and people who use them consistently have high satisfaction rates, according to a 2019 study. Just stay skeptical of shock-wave therapy, says Dr. Kavaler. Using high-frequency ultrasound to irritate the penis lining as a way to help new cells grow and increase blood flow is being investigated, but its marketing may be stronger than the evidence—at least right now.

This story originally appeared in the November 2022 issue of Men’s Health.

Reference: Recent advances in the understanding and management of erectile dysfunction: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6348436/

Penis health: Conditions, safety, lifestyle, and care

What to know about penis health

Medically reviewed by Kevin Martinez, M.D. — Written by Jenna Fletcher on April 2, 2020

This article is a repost which originally appeared on MEDICAL NEWS TODAY

Edited for content

A healthy penis should be free of lesions, warts, and abnormal discharge. In general, the penis should be roughly the same color as the surrounding skin, though it may be a shade darker or lighter.

Also, a person should not experience any pain in their penis when urinating or engaging in sexual activity.

A sudden change in the appearance, sensation, or function of the penis may signal an underlying issue that requires medical attention.

This article describes certain lifestyle factors and health conditions that can affect penis health. It also outlines some possible symptoms of poor penis health and provides tips on penis care.

Lifestyle factors that affect penis health

Lifestyle factors that can affect penis health include sexual relationships, weight management, and alcohol use.

The sections below outline some common lifestyle factors that can affect penis health.

Sexual relationships

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can negatively affect penis health. Some of the most common STIs include:

  • human papillomavirus (HPV)
  • chlamydia
  • gonorrhea
  • herpes

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend that people practice safe sex in order to reduce their risk of contracting an STI. This involves using barrier methods during sexual activity and getting vaccinated against hepatitis B and HPV.

The following can also help reduce the risk of spreading and contracting STIs:

  • limiting the number of sexual partners
  • maintaining a monogamous sexual relationship
  • abstaining from sexual activity

Often, people who contract an STI do not experience any symptoms. This is why it is important for people who are sexually active to attend regular sexual health screenings.

Weight management

Obesity can negatively affect many aspects of a person’s health, including penis function.

People with obesity may be more likely to experience erectile dysfunction, or impotence. This occurs when a person is unable to develop or maintain an erection during sexual activity.

According to the Obesity Action Coalition, obesity can contribute to erectile dysfunction by:

  • decreasing testosterone levels
  • causing inflammation throughout the body
  • damaging the blood vessels, including those that supply blood to the penis

However, one 2018 study suggests that the relationship between obesity and sexual health is not completely clear. Although obesity may contribute to erectile dysfunction, other factors may also give rise to poor sexual health. These include:

  • anxiety
  • stress
  • self-esteem issues

Diet

Eating a healthful, balanced diet can help prevent obesity and related sexual health problems.

A 2017 animal study investigated the potential link between diet, obesity, and erectile function. In this study, one group of rats consumed a calorie-rich diet, while a second group consumed a standard diet.

The rats that consumed the calorie-rich diet were more likely to develop obesity, and they also showed significantly poorer erectile function.

The types of food a person eats could also affect their penis health. For example, one 2016 study found that a diet rich in flavonoids was associated with a reduced risk of erectile dysfunction in men below the age of 70.

Flavonoids are chemicals that occur naturally in a range of vegetables, fruits, and grains. Some examples of flavonoid-rich foods include:

  • root vegetables
  • legumes
  • berries
  • grapes
  • citrus fruits
  • teas
  • chocolate

Exercise

Exercise is important in helping a person maintain a moderate weight. This means that it also helps reduce the risk of obesity-related sexual health concerns.

Exercise may also benefit sexual health more directly. For example, one 2015 study investigated whether or not regular walking exercise could help improve erectile dysfunction in men who had recently had a heart attack.

Those who took part in the regular walking program reported a 71% decrease in erectile dysfunction symptoms. Those who did not take part in the program reported a 9% increase in erectile dysfunction symptoms.

The researchers conclude that regular exercise may help reduce symptoms of erectile dysfunction.

A 2011 meta-analysis investigated the effects of aerobic exercise on erectile dysfunction. The researchers analyzed five studies involving a total of 385 participants.

All the studies showed improvements in erectile dysfunction following aerobic activity. The researchers conclude that men with erectile dysfunction may benefit from aerobic training, though further studies are necessary to confirm this.

Alcohol and tobacco use

Drinking a lot of alcohol can negatively impact many aspects of a person’s health.

According to the CDC, excessive drinking can interfere with male hormone production, potentially contributing to impotence and infertility.

Alcohol also increases the likelihood that a person will engage in risky sexual behavior. Such behavior puts a person at increased risk of contracting or transmitting an STI.

Tobacco smoking can also have a negative effect on penis health. According to the Truth Initiative, smoking may play a role in the following sexual health issues:

  • erectile dysfunction
  • infertility
  • decreased libido

Health conditions that may affect penis health

There are several health conditions that can directly affect penis health. Some of the more common ones include:

  • STIs, such as chlamydia, herpes, or genital warts
  • phimosis, which occurs when the foreskin cannot extend over the head of the penis
  • balanitis, which is inflammation of the head or foreskin of the penis

Other conditions not directly related to the penis can also affect its health. Many of these conditions may cause erectile dysfunction or issues with fertility. These include:

  • obesity
  • diabetes
  • high blood pressure
  • stress
  • certain heart conditions

When to see a doctor

Anyone who is sexually active should check for symptoms of STIs regularly. They should look for:

  • rashes, sores, or blisters on the penis
  • burning or itching sensations in the penis
  • abnormal discharge from the penis
  • a foul odor coming from the penis or groin area
  • pelvic pain
  • pain when urinating or passing stools

Anyone who thinks that they may have an STI should visit their doctor for a diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Importantly, many people who contract an STI will not experience any symptoms. Regular sexual health screenings will help detect STIs that a person may not have noticed otherwise.

Anyone who thinks that they may have erectile dysfunction should also see their doctor, who will work to diagnose the cause.

How to care for the penis

A person should clean their penis at least once per day using a mild soap. Using abrasive or heavily scented soaps could irritate the skin of the penis.

A person should wash all parts of the penis, including:

  • the pubic hair
  • the scrotum
  • the area between the legs and scrotum
  • the penis shaft
  • the area underneath the foreskin, if uncircumcised

Tips for a healthy penis

The tips below can help a person keep their penis healthy:

  • using a barrier method during sex
  • limiting the number of sexual partners they have
  • undergoing a sexual health screening at least once per year if in a monogamous relationship
  • undergoing a sexual health screening as often as every 3–6 months if having sex with multiple partners
  • keeping the penis and genital area clean
  • limiting alcohol consumption
  • avoiding the use of tobacco products
  • exercising regularly
  • eating a healthful, balanced diet

Summary

A person can take several steps to maintain the health of their penis. This includes exercising regularly and eating a healthful diet. A person may also wish to avoid having unprotected sex, drinking a lot of alcohol, and using tobacco products.

To maintain a healthy penis, a person should thoroughly wash the penis at least once per day. Those who are sexually active should also go for sexual health screenings at least once per year and perform regular self-checks at home.

If a person has any concerns about their penis, they should talk to a doctor as soon as possible. The doctor will work to diagnose the cause of the issue and provide appropriate treatments.

 

Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. We avoid using tertiary references. We link primary sources — including studies, scientific references, and statistics — within each article and also list them in the resources section at the bottom of our articles. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy.

Fertility Tests for Men: Options and How They Work

All About Male Fertility Testing

Medically reviewed by Carolyn Kay, M.D. — Written by Rhona Lewis on November 30, 2020

This article is a repost which originally appeared on Healthline

Edited for content

If you’re planning to father a child, know that fertility is a 50-50 deal: half egg, half sperm. So it probably isn’t coincidental that male fertility is a factor in 50 percent of infertility challenges.

This isn’t a blame game, though. It’s about empowering yourself with the knowledge you need to get the outcome you want. If you and your partner are having a hard time getting pregnant, it’s a good idea for you — both of you — to get checked.

Let’s take a look at male fertility testing and what may (or may not) be contributing to the challenge of having a child.

Factors that can affect male fertility

Research shows that male infertility affects up to 6 percent of men in North America. But what causes it? Several factors could contribute:

  • anatomical or genetic abnormalities
  • systemic or neurological diseases
  • infections
  • trauma
  • gonadotoxic radiation therapy
  • sperm antibodies

Can you just use a home fertility test kit and call it a day?

When you’re feeling the sting of another letdown, you may start weighing the pros and cons of home fertility tests. These lists give you a full picture:

The pluses

  • A home kit relieves you of the stress of providing a sperm sample in the doctor’s office.
  • Your concerns remain private.
  • The kits are inexpensive, as well as quick and easy to use.
  • A good kit, like SpermCheck Fertility can reliably tell you whether your sperm count is typical, low, or very low. This will help you plan your next step.

The minuses

  • Home kits won’t give you all the information you need. While they can tell you if your sperm count is normal or not, these numbers are only one factor in male fertility.
  • The range for low and optimal sperm counts varies between the kits.
  • Some kits don’t measure sperm counts below certain levels.

For these reasons, while a home kit might be a helpful first step, you’ll need to be medically evaluated by a doctor for a more complete picture of your fertility.

What to expect at an initial medical evaluation appointment

You’ve booked the initial appointment. Knowing that you’re prepped will ease any tension you may be feeling. Here’s a breakdown of what to expect.

First comes the physical exam. The medical practitioner will examine your penis and testicles.

Next, you’ll be asked questions about your:

  • medical history
  • lifestyle
  • sex life

Questions about your medical history may include:

  • Which medications do you take?
  • Have you had any sexually transmitted infections?
  • Have you had past surgeries?

Questions about your lifestyle may include:

  • How much do you exercise? (Give an honest answer!)
  • Do you smoke or take recreational drugs?

When it comes to your sex life, you can expect a frank discussion that includes any problems you may have, such as:

  • erectile dysfunction (ED)
  • delayed ejaculation
  • retrograde ejaculation

Semen Analysis

After the physical exam and the questions, you’ll be asked to provide a semen sample.

How semen analysis is done

Semen samples are given in two different ways.

You can ejaculate into a special container at the doctor’s office. If this isn’t an option because of your religious or cultural beliefs, you can use a special condom during intercourse.

Be prepared to possibly provide several samples, because sperm counts do fluctuate from one specimen to the next.

What semen analysis shows about fertility

You’ve done your part by providing the sample. Now it’s up to the clinician to analyze it. According to a 2015 study done in India, as much as 2 percent of all men have sperm measurements that aren’t optimal.

So what is your doctor looking for? In a nutshell:

  • Signs of infection. The presence of certain bacteria in semen can indicate infection.
  • Volume of semen. This is a measurement of how much semen in total is in your sample.
  • Sperm concentration. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies sperm counts at or above 15 million sperm per milliliter of semen as average.
  • Vitality. This examines what percentage of sperm are alive.
  • Motility. Are the sperm moving? Above 63 percent motility indicates fertility, while less than 32 percent of sperm with motility indicates subfertility.
  • Morphology. How are the sperm shaped? Believe it or not, the majority of sperm in your sample won’t be perfect. But if more than 12 percent are of normal size and shape, it indicates fertility. A sample with less than 9 percent normal morphology could mean sub- or infertility. (Between 9 and 12 percent is inconclusive.)

So much for the numbers. Now let’s crunch them.

While the numbers help to distinguish between fertility, subfertility, and indeterminate fertility, none of them actually diagnoses infertility. That said, here are two things to keep in mind:

  • A semen sample with a decreased sperm concentration often also shows abnormalities in sperm motility and morphology.
  • The percentage of sperm with normal morphology is perhaps the best indicator of healthy semen.

Urinalysis

Sometimes, sperm cells pass all the standard medical tests for fertility, but you still have trouble growing your family.

That could indicate a condition called normozoospermic infertility, meaning that the sperm cells themselves are infertile. Here’s where urinalysis comes in.

How urinalysis is done

At the doctor’s office or the testing facility, you’ll be given a plastic cup and asked to be provide a small, clean urine sample. Use the cleaning wipe you’ve been given to wipe around your urethra to prevent bacteria on your penis from entering the cup.

What urinalysis shows about fertility

A 2014 study shows that doctors can now test for normozoospermic infertility by tracking the levels of five biomarkers (small molecules) in urine.

While standard fertility tests may capture 75 percent of cases, the researchers were able to correctly identify 86 percent of the infertile men and 87 percent of the fertile men.

What does that mean for you? While there’s still more research needed in this area, researchers suggest that the variant levels of these biomarkers may point to physiological problems as the root of normozoospermic infertility.

Making sperm is an energy-intensive process and any spoke in the production wheel could disrupt proper sperm production. The more we learn about the biomarkers, the easier it will be to fix any physiological problems.

Hormone testing

The pituitary gland, hypothalamus, and testicles work together when it comes to sperm production.

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) — acting together with testosterone, which is produced in the testicles — are involved in the process.

A simple blood test will show the level of these three important hormones in your blood.

FSH

This hormone contributes to sperm production.

High levels may indicate that your testicles aren’t functioning properly or have been damaged by disease, X-rays, or chemotherapy. Low levels may show that you aren’t producing sperm.

LH

This is produced in the pituitary gland. In the testes, LT binds to receptors in the Leydig cells to release testosterone, which is needed to produce sperm.

LH levels can also be measured after giving an injection of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). The advantage to measuring LH this way is that your doctor can then pinpoint whether the problem is with your pituitary gland or another part of your body.

Testosterone

Healthy testosterone levels for men range between 300 to 1,000 nanograms per deciliter (ng/dL). Keep in mind that after the age of 40, testosterone levels decrease by an average of around 1 percent every year.

Imaging to check for anatomical issues and any obstructions

In some cases, your doctor may ask for imaging to check that your anatomical structure is OK and that there are no obstructions.

Scrotal ultrasound

In this exam, a handheld probe is swept across your scrotum. The scan uses high-frequency sound waves to check for:

  • infections
  • cysts
  • a collection of fluids inside the testicles
  • tumors

The test also checks for testicular torsion and varicoceles. While many adult men have a varicocele and are never bothered by it, if you’re dealing with infertility, your doctor may recommend surgery.

Transrectal ultrasound

A small, lubricated wand is inserted into your rectum. The imaging helps your doctor to check your prostate and check that there are no blockages in the vas deferens. Blockages can be corrected with surgery.

Anti-sperm antibodies testing

Usually, sperm doesn’t come into contact with the rest of your body and immune system. However, injury, surgery, or prostate gland infections can interfere with this protective system.

And when sperm comes into contact with your immune system, the body may produce anti-sperm antibodies.

Your doctor may ask for an anti-sperm antibody test if the cause for infertility is still missing.

You’ll be asked to provide a sample of semen. The test checks your semen for antibodies that fight against your sperm by using a substance that binds only to affected sperm.

The higher the level of sperm affected by antibodies, the lower the chance of a sperm fertilizing an egg. (These antibodies can also be found in women, so your doctor may ask for your partner to get tested too.)

Doctors are divided over whether this testing is advisable. Some say it doesn’t help set a treatment plan for infertility; others advise taking medication to lower the body’s immune response.

Testicular biopsy

This test may come at the end of the line if the other tests you’ve done aren’t conclusive.

In this test, a sample is removed from the testicle, either with a needle or through a small cut. If the results of the testicular biopsy show that sperm production is normal, your infertility may be caused by a blockage or some other problem with sperm transport.

Genetic testing

Following the development of in vitro fertilizing techniques, research on genetic causes for infertility has expanded. Genetic abnormalities are found in 10 percent to 20 percent of men who have severe disorders with sperm production.

Genetic testing carried out on DNA can help rule out chromosomal abnormalities, especially in men with either azoospermia (no sperm present in the semen) or oligozoospermia (low sperm count).

The test results can:

  • relieve you of uncertainty
  • help you avoid unnecessary surgical or medical treatments
  • help you make informed decisions on what your next steps should be

If everything checks out A-OK for you and your partner

If you’ve done all the tests and everything has come up as normal, you may hear your doctor saying “idiopathic infertility.” Basically, this means that at the moment, there’s no way of figuring out the cause for your infertility.

While it won’t ease your frustration and pain, know that your uncertainty is shared by many. Idiopathic infertility is an extremely common infertility diagnosis in both men and women.

The bottom line

Depending on your diagnosis, you may find that you need to draw on reserves that you never knew you had.

But there are many options for medically assisted pregnancy. And remember many male infertility diagnoses can be successfully treated.

Penis Health: 38 Things to Know About Maintenance, Safety, and More

Penis Health: 38 Things to Know About Maintenance, Safety, and More

Everything You Need to Know About Penis Health

Medically reviewed by Stacy Sampson, DO on March 26, 2019 — Written by Sian Ferguson

This article is a repost which originally appeared on HealthLine

Edited for content

What this means

When most people think about penis health, they think about sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and erectile dysfunction (ED).

While these conditions can certainly affect the health of your penis, penile health is about so much more than that.

There are many different things that can affect the health of your penis, including your hygiene practices, lifestyle changes, and any underlying health conditions.

Here’s what you need to know to keep your penis in tip-top shape.

What affects penis health?

Many different things can affect penis health. And by “penis health,” we mean:

  • your ability to urinate comfortably
  • your ability to get or maintain an erection
  • your fertility

Penis health also includes avoiding certain health conditions, such as penile cancer and STIs.

The following factors can affect the health of your penis:

Hormone levels

ED can be caused by hormone imbalances, such as a low testosterone level. Low testosterone levels can be caused by a number of different factors, which we’ll discuss in this article.

Age

As you age, you’re more likely to experience sexual dysfunctions like ED. This is partly because your testosterone level will naturally decline over time.

Health conditions

High blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, and certain neurological conditions can cause ED. Psychological conditions such as anxiety and depression can also exacerbate ED.

Sex

If you want to have sex without a condom, ensure that both you and your partners are tested regularly for STIs, or remain in a monogamous relationship with someone free of STIs.

Otherwise, correctly using a condom every time you have sex is the only way to reduce your risk.

Rough sex can also harm your penis. For example, pulling back the foreskin abruptly can tear it. Accidentally bending your erect penis can cause a traumatic penis fracture.

Medication

Some forms of medication can increase your chances of ED. Speak to a doctor or other healthcare provider if you think your medication is causing ED or other sexual dysfunction.

Hygiene

Practicing good hygiene is essential for your health. Wash your penis and groin area often to keep it clean.

Poor hygiene can cause a build-up of smegma, an oily, malodorous, and irritating substance that is known to occur below the foreskin.

If smegma builds up, it can cause inflammation to the adjacent skin. This can be uncomfortable and can be a cause [of] balanitis, a condition where the head of the penis becomes red and inflamed.

Even with a circumcised penis, less than ideal hygiene can lead to penile irritation and inflammation, including balanitis.

General tips

Penis health needs a holistic approach. In other words, taking care of all aspects of your general health is important for the health of your penis. This is especially important since a range of different health conditions can affect your fertility and penile health.

Stay hydrated

Hydration is important for your overall health, as well as the health of your penis. There might be a link between dehydration and ED, so try to get about two liters of water a day.

Eat a balanced diet

A balanced diet is key in helping you reduce your chances of developing diabetes and heart disease, both of which can cause ED.

One 2016 study conducted among 25,096 subjects looked at the relationship between ED and flavonoids, which are mostly found in vegetables and fruit.

Researchers found that the subjects who regularly consumed flavonoids were less likely to develop ED.

Certain foods may also boost your testosterone levels and improve your fertility. This includes:

  • spinach
  • spicy foods with capsaicin
  • avocado

Get regular exercise

Moderate physical activity can reduce your chances of ED.

One 2015 study looked at people with ED and a recent myocardial infarction, commonly referred to as a heart attack. It found that a home-based walking program can reduce ED.

Try exercising at least a few times a week — even a brisk walk every so often can improve your penile health.

Practice pelvic floor exercises

Pelvic floor exercises are often associated with vaginal health, but they can be helpful for everyone.

These exercises can improve your ability to get and maintain an erection, as well as prevent dribble after urination.

A small 2005 study on 55 people with ED found that pelvic exercises helped 40 percent of participants regain normal erectile function.

An additional 35.5 percent reported that, although they hadn’t completely regained normal function, their overall erectile function did improve.

You can do basic Kegel exercises by squeezing the muscles you use to urinate. Squeeze for five seconds, relax, and repeat for 10 rounds. Eventually, work your way up to 20 reps. Do this two or three times per day.

Maintain a healthy weight

Maintaining a healthy weight can reduce your chances of diabetes, high cholesterol, and heart disease, all of which affect your penile health.

Practice stress management

Practicing stress management is great for your overall health and the health of your penis.

Stress and anxiety can affect your sexual performance and fertility. Stress also increases your chances of developing cardiovascular disease, which can lead to ED.

Stress management techniques include:

  • deep breathing
  • spending time with loved ones
  • journaling
  • meditation

Practice sleep hygiene

Sleep is important for your vascular health, which affects your ability to become erect.

There seems to be a link between obstructive sleep apnea and ED, possibly because sleep deprivation can lead to low testosterone and other hormonal imbalances.

Avoid tobacco

Smoking cigarettes is strongly associated with ED.

A 2013 study showed that this possibly is because smoking disrupts your heart’s autonomic function, which in turn leads to ED.

Smoking can also decrease your fertility.

Drink alcohol in moderation, if at all

As with tobacco, excessive drinking can cause a number of health problems, which can in turn affect your penis health.

How to wash your penis

You can wash your pubic area using warm water and unscented, mild soap. Don’t use harsh soaps or scrub the area too hard, as the sensitive skin in the area can be irritated.

Make sure you:

  1. Wash your pubic mound and the skin around the base of the penis, as well as the skin between your thighs and your pubic mound. Sweat can collect here.
  2. Wash the shaft of your penis.
  3. If you have a foreskin, gently pull it back and wash it. This helps to prevent smegma build-up, which can lead to conditions like balanitis.
  4. Wash your scrotum and the skin around it.
  5. Wash your perineum (the piece of skin between your scrotum and anus).
  6. Wash near your anus and between your butt cheeks.

It’s best to wash your penis every time you bathe.

As you wash yourself, examine the skin around your groin for STI symptoms. This includes:

  • unusual discharge
  • rashes
  • blisters
  • warts

How to groom your pubic hair

Some people like grooming their pubic hair, while others don’t. Whether you groom your pubic hair or not is your decision.

If you’d like to remove or trim your pubic hair, keep your skin type in mind. This will help you avoid razor burn and other discomfort.

Shaving

Shaving is a painless way to remove hair. It’s important to take certain precautions to avoid getting a rash.

Shave in the same direction that your hair grows. Use shaving cream while shaving and apply cortisone cream after to reduce irritation.

Never share razors with anybody else, and disinfect yours before use. If you use disposable razors, replace them every so often.

Waxing or threading

Waxing involves applying warm wax to the skin and pulling the hair out from their follicles.

Threading involves twisting thread around the hairs and pulling them out by the root.

Waxing and threading can be uncomfortable — it all depends on your individual pain tolerance.

If done incorrectly, these removal methods can cause swelling and rash.

You can reduce your risk for discomfort by visiting a professional waxer or threader.

Chemical hair removal

Hair removal cream breaks down the proteins in hair so that it can be washed away and removed.

While it can be an effective way to remove hair, some people find that hair removal creams irritate their skin.

You shouldn’t use these creams if you have sensitive skin or chemical allergies.

If you do use hair removal cream, don’t apply it directly to your penis.

Trimming

If you don’t want to remove the hair entirely, you can trim it with a pair of scissors or electric trimmer.

Be sure to disinfect scissors before and after use. You should only use these scissors for grooming — using them for other tasks can spread germs.

How to prevent STIs

There are a number of ways to prevent STIs.

Get vaccinated

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)Trusted Source recommend that everyone gets vaccinated for human papillomavirus (HPV) around age 11 or 12.

Doing so at a young age — before you’re sexually active — ensures that you’re protected against HPV before you’re exposed to the virus.

But if you weren’t vaccinated as a child, you may still benefit from getting vaccinated as an adult. Talk to a doctor or other healthcare provider to learn more.

Get tested after every new partner

Many STIs are asymptomatic, which means that you won’t have any noticeable symptoms.

For this reason, it’s important to get tested before having sex with a new partner. Both you and your partners should get tested.

If you or a partner has an infection, you might be able to take certain precautions to prevent it from spreading between you.

For example, if you have HIV, your partner can take Truvada (pre-exposure prophylaxis, also known as PrEP) to help prevent them from contracting it.

Use a condom every time you have sex

Using a condom every time you have sex — oral, vaginal, or anal — is the best way to help prevent the spread of certain STIs.

If you don’t want to use a condom, ensure that both you and your partners don’t have any STIs.

If you suspect you’ve contracted an STI, try not to panic. Most are treatable, and it’s nothing to be ashamed of. Talk to a healthcare provider. They’ll help you find the cause of your symptoms and advise you on any next steps.

Common questions

At this point, you might have more questions about penis health. Here are some common concerns that many people have.

Does it matter if you’re circumcised?

Circumcision has its pros and cons. Whether you’re circumcised or not, it’s important to wash regularly.

If you have a foreskin, pull it back gently and clean it to avoid a smegma build-up. Circumcised penises are more likely to get chafed or irritated, so use loose-fitting, cotton underwear always.

Circumcision doesn’t affect fertility, but uncircumcised penises are more susceptible to STIs, as well as conditions like balanitis.

Practicing good hygiene and safe sex can reduce your chances of getting these conditions.

Does it matter if you’re a “grower” or a “shower”?

So far, there isn’t any scientific information that shows whether being a “grower” or a “shower” is better or healthier. Both are totally okay — so embrace whatever category your penis may fall into!

Is it normal for your penis to have a bend or a curve?

It’s normal for your penis to curve slightly, but if you have a significant bend and pain in your penis when it’s erect, you could have Peyronie’s disease.

This condition can cause some discomfort. It’s often caused by a traumatic injury.

If you’re concerned that you may have Peyronie’s, see a doctor or other healthcare provider.

Is “use it or lose it” true?

Many people believe that sex is a “use it or lose it” thing — that if you stop having sex, you’ll end up struggling to have sex.

While it’s true that frequent sex has many health benefits and can boost your sex drive, there’s no evidence that chastity can permanently or seriously damage your penis.

Is there such a thing as too much or too little ejaculate?

If you’re noticing that you are ejaculating a lower volume of semen than usual, it’s called perceived ejaculate volume reduction (PEVR).

This could be caused by a number of things, including depression, diabetes, and certain testicular conditions. It could also be a side effect of medication.

How can you maintain penis sensitivity as you age?

The tissue on your penis might lose sensitivity as you age. This could be caused by friction, so wear loose cotton underwear instead of tight, rough underwear.

How can you maintain your ability to get an erection?

Taking steps to reduce your risk of heart disease and diabetes — both of which can cause ED — can help you maintain your ability to get an erection.

What can you do to promote fertility?

Certain foods can promote fertility. For example, spinach contains magnesium, which can boost your testosterone levels.

Tomatoes and carrots can increase your sperm count and motility.

Other than that, healthy lifestyle choices help maintain fertility.

As outlined above, avoiding tobacco smoking and alcohol, eating a balanced diet, and exercising are all important for penis health.

Is it OK if your pee changes colors?

Your urine could change colors depending on how hydrated you are:

  • Clear urine could mean you’re overhydrated.
  • Yellow to amber urine is considered normal.
  • Orange or brown urine could mean you’re dehydrated.

Some colors might also be a cause for concern.

For example, bloody, cloudy, blue, or green urine could indicate that you have an infection or another health condition.

See a doctor if you’re experiencing unusual changes in color or consistency.

What if you start peeing more than usual?

Frequent urination could be a sign of:

  • urinary tract infection (UTI)
  • diabetes
  • interstitial cystitis

If you’re peeing a lot more than usual and you think something is wrong, contact a doctor. This is especially important if you’re experiencing a burning sensation during urination.

Is it normal for your penis to smell?

Your groin might naturally smell a little like sweat, as it’s common to sweat in that area. This smell can be reduced through daily washing.

However, the smell shouldn’t be pungent. An unpleasant-smelling penis could indicate that you have a condition such as:

  • UTI
  • yeast infection
  • balanitis
  • gonorrhea
  • chlamydia

If the smell doesn’t clear with careful washing, see a doctor for diagnosis.

What if your penis is sore or inflamed?

If your penis is sore or inflamed, it could be a sign of certain penis conditions. This includes:

  • balanitis
  • phimosis, a condition where the foreskin can’t be pulled back over the head of the penis
  • penile cancer, which is rare but serious

No matter the cause, pain and inflammation can be uncomfortable, so see a healthcare provider. They can help you find relief.

Is it possible to break or fracture you penis?

Although the penis doesn’t have bones in it, the term “penis fracture” is often used to refer to a penis injury where the lining inside becomes torn. This is often caused by rough sex.

If you fracture your penis, it will turn black and blue, flatten, and it may make a popping noise. This is considered a medical emergency and requires immediate attention.

When to see a doctor or other healthcare provider

Ideally, you should see a doctor once a year for a penile check-up.

Otherwise, you should seek medical attention if you experience:

  • bruises on the penis
  • yellow, green, or otherwise unusual penile discharge
  • swelling or inflammation of the penis
  • blisters, rashes, warts, or sores on or near your penis
  • burning, pain, or bleeding when you urinate or ejaculate
  • pain during sex
  • pain during an erection
  • difficulty getting or maintaining an erection

Check your groin for signs of infections and other conditions regularly.

If you have any concerns, don’t hesitate to speak to a healthcare provider. They can help set your mind at ease and advise you on any next steps.

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