Is fish oil beneficial for men?

What to know about the benefits of fish oil for men

Medically reviewed by Grant Tinsley, PhD — Written by Zia Sherrell, MPH on March 7, 2021

This article is a repost which originally appeared on MEDICALNEWSTODAY

Edited for content

Fish oil is a common dietary supplement rich in omega-3 fatty acids. Research suggests they could be beneficial for health and protection from certain diseases. Additionally, there may also be specific benefits for men, as fish oil might help with erections and fertility.

People who eat lots of oily fish may get enough of these fatty acids from their diet. For those who do not, or only occasionally, eat fish, taking a fish oil supplement could ensure they get sufficient amounts.

This article explores the potential benefits of fish oil for men and the possible risks. It also suggests how people may increase their levels of omega-3.

Definition of fish oils

Fish oil comes from various species of oily fish, such as mackerel, tuna, and herring. Manufacturers can use many different methods to harvest fish oil, but most techniques typically involve a four-stage process that includes cooking, pressing, filtering, and centrifuging the resultant oil.

Fish oils contain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. These are essential fatty acids that the body cannot make itself. Two of the most well-known types of omega-3 are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

Consuming fish oils and omega-3 may bring some health benefits and help with a number of health conditions.

List of possible benefits

Fish oil may have an impact on different areas of health and be a useful supplement for many people. The following is a list of some potential benefits of fish oil for men.

Sexual health and fertility

Although not widely reported, fish oil supplements may have benefits for sexual health and fertility.

A 2017 animal study examined the effects of omega-3 fatty acids and erectile dysfunction due to atherosclerosis. In this condition, the blood vessels narrow, which can affect erections. Rats in the treatment group fed omega-3 fatty acids demonstrated significantly improved erection quality.

It is essential to bear in mind that animal studies do not indicate the same results in humans. However, an earlier review also indicates that omega-3 could help men with erectile function.

In a 2020 study of 1,694 young male participants, those who reported using fish oil supplements had larger testes and higher semen volume and quality.

They also had a healthier-looking profile of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. These are two key hormones that regulate sperm production.

Although the study cannot conclude that the fish oil is causing the improvement, it suggests that it may play a role.

Mental health

Research suggests that individuals with depression may have lower blood levels of omega-3 fatty acids. In a small study of 23 people published in Psychiatry Research, supplementation with omega-3s helped improve symptoms of depression within 3 weeks.

There are links between depression and memory problems. Supplementing with DHA alone or in combination with EPA may improve memory function in some groups of adults.

While studies suggest that omega-3 supplementation may help prevent cognitive decline, especially in older adults, a 2019 review notes that more research is still necessary.

Heart health

Heart disease accounts for 1 in 4 deaths in the United States each year. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), heart disease is the leading cause of death for men in the U.S.

Eating fish may have a protective effect on heart health by reducing some of the risk factors for heart disease.

Triglycerides are a type of fat found in the blood, and although the body needs them, if levels are too high, they can increase the risk of heart disease.

Fish oil may help lower elevated triglyceride levels and blood pressure. Eating fish may also help to significantly lower low-density lipoprotein or “bad” cholesterol.

While many sources promote the potential benefits of fish oil for cardiovascular health, clinical studies do not consistently support them. For example, an analysis published in JAMA Cardiology could not find a clear link between fish oil and lower heart disease risk.

Eye health

Some evidence suggests that an adequate intake of fish oil may help protect eye health. A 2017 review notes that fish oil may play a role in the treatment of inflammatory eye diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and dry eye disease.

A 2019 study indicates that people who regularly consume fresh fruits, vegetables, and fish were less likely to develop AMD compared with those who did not.

The American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) recommend fish oils to reduce the symptoms of dry eye. However, some evidence suggests they have no effect. A 2018 study found no evidence to indicate that taking fish oil supplements was more helpful than taking a placebo for dry eye.

Optometrists may recommend taking omega-3 supplements or increasing dietary fish consumption to benefit eye health, even though some scientific evidence suggests fish oils are not suitable for this purpose.

Risks and considerations

Before deciding to supplement their diets with fish oils, people should also consider the possible risks.

While some research indicates that eating a diet rich in omega-3 may help prevent prostate cancer, other research suggests otherwise. A 2013 study notes that a high fish oil intake may actually increase the risk of high-grade prostate cancer.

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) note that the link between omega-3 and different types of cancer, such as prostate, currently remains unclear.

Some people may experience mild side effects if they supplement with fish oil. These may include unpleasant taste, bad breath, diarrhea, flatulence, nausea, and other digestive symptoms.

How to increase your omega-3 level

The three primary omega-3 fatty acids are EPA, DHA, and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). While the first two are present in fish oil, ALA comes from plant oils such as flaxseed, soybean, and canola oils.

ALA is an essential fatty acid, meaning that the body cannot make it, and it must come from a dietary source. Although the body can convert small amounts of ALA into EPA and then to DHA, the most practical way to increase these omega-3 fatty acids is from food or a nutritional supplement.

ALA is the only omega-3 that is essential, so it is the only one with a recommended adequate intake. Research suggests that males should aim for roughly 1.6 grams.

Both EPA and DHA do not have official recommended daily dosages as they are not essential nutrients. However, the British Dietetic Association suggest a daily dose of about 450 mg EPA and DHA for adults.

It can be difficult to judge the intake from nutritional supplements, as the amounts of fish oil may vary. For example, 1,000 mg of fish oil from one brand of supplement may contain less or more EPA and DHA than the same amount of oil from another brand.

People can get enough omega-3 by including the following foods in their diet:

  • fish and seafood, especially sardines, tuna, mackerel, salmon, and herring
  • nuts and seeds such as chia seeds and walnuts
  • plant oils such as flaxseed, soybean, and canola oil
  • fortified foods such as some types of eggs, yogurt, and soy beverages

Alternatively, people may benefit from a fish or vegetarian algae oil supplement to boost levels. Some evidence suggests that taking a fish oil supplement with a meal that contains fat may help to increase absorption.

Summary

Fish oil is rich in omega-3, which is an essential nutrient. Eating a diet containing oily fish, or taking a fish oil supplement, can ensure someone has an adequate amount.

Consuming more fish oil and omega-3 may offer some health benefits for men. This may include increasing fertility and improving heart health. However, men should weigh up the benefits with a potential increased risk of prostate cancer.

Anyone who is considering taking supplements should first check with a healthcare provider to ensure that it is safe.

Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. We avoid using tertiary references. We link primary sources — including studies, scientific references, and statistics — within each article and also list them in the resources section at the bottom of our articles. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy.

Sea Moss: Benefits, Nutrition, and How to Prepare It

Sea Moss: Benefits, Nutrition, and How to Prepare It

Written by Lauren Panoff, MPH, RD on February 12, 2021 — Medically reviewed by Adrienne Seitz, MS, RD, LDN

This article is a repost which originally appeared on Healthline

Edited for content.

Sea moss is a spiny sea vegetable that’s primarily harvested for use in health supplements and as a thickening ingredient in commercial foods.

If you’ve heard about sea moss supplements, you may wonder how you could use them and whether there are other ways to consume sea moss.

This article examines the potential benefits and downsides of sea moss, including its nutritional content and how to prepare it.

What is sea moss?

Sea moss, scientifically known as Chondrus crispus, is a type of algae or seaweed. It grows in waters along the rocky Atlantic coasts, primarily between North America and Europe.

It’s an edible sea plant similar to other seaweeds, algae, and other familiar leafy sea vegetables like kelp or dulse.

Sea moss grows in a number of colors, such as various shades of green, yellow, purple, red, brown, and black.

The most common varieties that grow in the warmer waters are generally red and often called Irish moss.

Summary

Sea moss is a spiny sea plant that’s similar to other seaweeds and algae. The most common variety in commercial products is red and often called Irish moss.

Sea moss nutrients

Red seaweeds like sea moss contain an array of vitamins and minerals. They’re naturally low in calories, fat, and sugar, and they contain a small amount of plant protein.

A 4-tablespoon (20-gram) serving of raw Irish sea moss provides the following:

  • Calories: 10
  • Protein: 0.5 grams
  • Total fat: 0 grams
  • Total carbs: 3 grams
  • Fiber: 0.5 grams
  • Total sugar: 0 grams
  • Calcium: 1% of the Daily Value (DV)
  • Iron: 10% of the DV
  • Magnesium: 7% of the DV
  • Phosphorus: 2% of the DV
  • Zinc: 4% of the DV
  • Copper: 3% of the DV

Like other sea vegetables, sea moss is also a naturally good source of iodine, a micronutrient necessary for thyroid health.

Additionally, red seaweeds like sea moss are full of antioxidants, which are compounds that help protect your cells from disease-causing oxidative damage.

Summary

Sea moss is low in calories and fat, and it contains a small amount of protein. It offers a variety of vitamins and minerals and is a good source of iodine and antioxidants.

Uses

Today sea moss is mainly used as a source of vitamins and minerals to benefit overall health.

You can most commonly find it in supplement form. Some supplement companies sell it in raw form, as a gel or powder, or as an oral capsule or gummy.

Companies also sell sea moss as a component of supplements combined with turmeric, bladderwrack, and burdock root, claiming this combination benefits overall well-being, especially immunity, thyroid, digestive, and joint health.

Sea moss has a long history of use as a food-thickening agent. It’s the only natural source of carrageenan, a thickener that manufacturers use in foods like ice cream, cottage cheese, nondairy milks, and even baby formula.

Summary

People primarily harvest sea moss for its carrageenan, a natural food thickener. It has a high micronutrient content, so companies also use it to make consumer health supplements and gels.

Potential benefits

Many people use sea moss for its purported health benefits. However, it’s important to note that many of the benefits of sea moss specifically are anecdotal and lack solid scientific evidence.

There are more studies on the health benefits of seaweed and algae than on sea moss itself. Still, some of these benefits may also apply to sea moss because they grow in similar environments.

However, scientists need to conduct more research on sea moss to investigate its particular effects.

Some of the main potential benefits of using sea moss may include:

  • May support thyroid health. Seaweeds are rich in iodine, a micronutrient necessary for healthy thyroid function.
  • May support immunity. One study in salmon found that supplemental seaweed improved immune modulation and immune response. Scientists need to do more research to see whether it also supports immunity in humans.
  • May improve gut health. Seaweeds are a good source of live bacteria and fiber, which both support a healthy gut microbiome.
  • May help support weight loss. Seaweeds and microalgae are rich in fiber that can help you feel full and prevent overeating. Studies have shown that a compound in seaweed called fucoxanthin promoted fat metabolism in rats.
  • May promote heart health. Some studies have found that seaweed reduces LDL (bad) cholesterol and acts as a blood thinner, which may help reduce the risk of heart disease.
  • May improve blood sugar management. One study found that the compound fucoxanthin in seaweed reduced high blood sugar. Another study found that a compound in seaweed called alginate prevented blood sugar spikes in pigs.
  • Anecdotal benefits for fertility. There’s no scientific evidence that sea moss specifically promotes fertility in men or women. However, some people use it as a traditional fertility treatment. Scientists need to investigate this further.

While the potential health benefits of sea moss are promising, it’s important to note that most of the research is based on seaweed, not sea moss specifically. The studies were also conducted in test tubes or animals, not in humans.

Therefore, scientists need to do much more human research on the health effects of sea moss.

Summary

Animal and test-tube studies on seaweed, not sea moss specifically, suggest it may benefit weight loss, heart health, and blood sugar management, as well as thyroid, gut, and immune health. Scientists need to investigate the effects of sea moss in humans.

Downsides

One of the main potential downsides of sea moss is that not much research has been conducted on its benefits and nutritional makeup.

As with seaweed, the nutritional value of sea moss can vary greatly, making it difficult to know exactly what it contains and in what amounts. Much of the micronutrient and fatty acid contents of sea vegetables depend on the environment in which they grow.

While it’s a good source of iodine, the iodine content of sea moss and other seaweeds is highly variable. This can put consumers at risk of overconsumption of iodine, which could be problematic.

Taking in too much iodine can lead to hypothyroidism, or underactive thyroid. The thyroid is an important gland located in the lower front of your neck. It’s responsible for growth and metabolism.

Sea moss may also come with a risk of heavy metal consumption, as seaweed is known to absorb and store heavy metals in high amounts.

Still, the risk of toxicity appears to be low. One study examined the levels of 20 heavy metals in 8 types of seaweed from the waters around Europe and Asia. The researchers found that the amounts of heavy metals did not pose serious health risks.

Overall, it’s probably best to consume sea moss in moderation due to these unknowns.

Summary

The nutrients in sea moss can vary by the environment in which it was grown. It may contain high levels of iodine or heavy metals. However, current research has not found that sea moss contains toxic levels. Scientists need to do further research on this.

How to prepare it

You can prepare sea moss in a number of ways.

Many health food stores and online retailers sell sea moss in its raw, dried form. You can prepare a gel from this at home. This may be one of the most popular ways to consume it.

To prepare a sea moss gel, simply soak raw sea moss in water overnight, then rinse and blend it with new water until smooth. Transfer it to a container with an airtight lid and store it in the refrigerator overnight to gel.

Some supplement companies also offer sea moss that has already been prepared as a gel. According to the manufacturers, you can consume this form directly or add it to food and drinks.

Other ways to consume sea moss include mixing sea moss powder into beverages, sprinkling it over yogurt or oatmeal, and adding it to other meals.

The shelf life of sea moss depends on the form you purchased it in.

While scientific evidence is lacking, many sea moss advocates say that prepared sea moss gel should last a few weeks in the fridge, or you can freeze it.

However, it’s probably best to practice caution and only keep it for 3–5 days, as with most prepared foods and cold storage leftovers, to minimize the risk of foodborne illnesses.

Summary

You can consume sea moss in supplement or powder form, or use raw sea moss to make a gel at home. You can consume this gel on its own or add it to smoothies and other foods and beverages.

The bottom line

Sea moss, or Chondrus crispus, is a spiny sea vegetable similar to seaweeds and sea algae.

People harvest it for its carrageenan. Companies also use it as a natural thickening agent in commercial foods, as well as for use in consumer health supplements. You can also use it to make a gel at home or easily add it to foods and beverages.

Sea moss is a source of a variety of vitamins and minerals, as well as antioxidants that may benefit overall health. However, its nutritional composition can vary, and by consuming it in large amounts, you may consume high levels of iodine or heavy metals.

Overall, scientists need to do more research on the health effects of sea moss in humans to determine its efficacy in consumer health products. Still, some of the benefits appear promising based on seaweed and sea algae studies.

Fertility Tests for Men: Options and How They Work

All About Male Fertility Testing

Medically reviewed by Carolyn Kay, M.D. — Written by Rhona Lewis on November 30, 2020

This article is a repost which originally appeared on Healthline

Edited for content

If you’re planning to father a child, know that fertility is a 50-50 deal: half egg, half sperm. So it probably isn’t coincidental that male fertility is a factor in 50 percent of infertility challenges.

This isn’t a blame game, though. It’s about empowering yourself with the knowledge you need to get the outcome you want. If you and your partner are having a hard time getting pregnant, it’s a good idea for you — both of you — to get checked.

Let’s take a look at male fertility testing and what may (or may not) be contributing to the challenge of having a child.

Factors that can affect male fertility

Research shows that male infertility affects up to 6 percent of men in North America. But what causes it? Several factors could contribute:

  • anatomical or genetic abnormalities
  • systemic or neurological diseases
  • infections
  • trauma
  • gonadotoxic radiation therapy
  • sperm antibodies

Can you just use a home fertility test kit and call it a day?

When you’re feeling the sting of another letdown, you may start weighing the pros and cons of home fertility tests. These lists give you a full picture:

The pluses

  • A home kit relieves you of the stress of providing a sperm sample in the doctor’s office.
  • Your concerns remain private.
  • The kits are inexpensive, as well as quick and easy to use.
  • A good kit, like SpermCheck Fertility can reliably tell you whether your sperm count is typical, low, or very low. This will help you plan your next step.

The minuses

  • Home kits won’t give you all the information you need. While they can tell you if your sperm count is normal or not, these numbers are only one factor in male fertility.
  • The range for low and optimal sperm counts varies between the kits.
  • Some kits don’t measure sperm counts below certain levels.

For these reasons, while a home kit might be a helpful first step, you’ll need to be medically evaluated by a doctor for a more complete picture of your fertility.

What to expect at an initial medical evaluation appointment

You’ve booked the initial appointment. Knowing that you’re prepped will ease any tension you may be feeling. Here’s a breakdown of what to expect.

First comes the physical exam. The medical practitioner will examine your penis and testicles.

Next, you’ll be asked questions about your:

  • medical history
  • lifestyle
  • sex life

Questions about your medical history may include:

  • Which medications do you take?
  • Have you had any sexually transmitted infections?
  • Have you had past surgeries?

Questions about your lifestyle may include:

  • How much do you exercise? (Give an honest answer!)
  • Do you smoke or take recreational drugs?

When it comes to your sex life, you can expect a frank discussion that includes any problems you may have, such as:

  • erectile dysfunction (ED)
  • delayed ejaculation
  • retrograde ejaculation

Semen Analysis

After the physical exam and the questions, you’ll be asked to provide a semen sample.

How semen analysis is done

Semen samples are given in two different ways.

You can ejaculate into a special container at the doctor’s office. If this isn’t an option because of your religious or cultural beliefs, you can use a special condom during intercourse.

Be prepared to possibly provide several samples, because sperm counts do fluctuate from one specimen to the next.

What semen analysis shows about fertility

You’ve done your part by providing the sample. Now it’s up to the clinician to analyze it. According to a 2015 study done in India, as much as 2 percent of all men have sperm measurements that aren’t optimal.

So what is your doctor looking for? In a nutshell:

  • Signs of infection. The presence of certain bacteria in semen can indicate infection.
  • Volume of semen. This is a measurement of how much semen in total is in your sample.
  • Sperm concentration. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies sperm counts at or above 15 million sperm per milliliter of semen as average.
  • Vitality. This examines what percentage of sperm are alive.
  • Motility. Are the sperm moving? Above 63 percent motility indicates fertility, while less than 32 percent of sperm with motility indicates subfertility.
  • Morphology. How are the sperm shaped? Believe it or not, the majority of sperm in your sample won’t be perfect. But if more than 12 percent are of normal size and shape, it indicates fertility. A sample with less than 9 percent normal morphology could mean sub- or infertility. (Between 9 and 12 percent is inconclusive.)

So much for the numbers. Now let’s crunch them.

While the numbers help to distinguish between fertility, subfertility, and indeterminate fertility, none of them actually diagnoses infertility. That said, here are two things to keep in mind:

  • A semen sample with a decreased sperm concentration often also shows abnormalities in sperm motility and morphology.
  • The percentage of sperm with normal morphology is perhaps the best indicator of healthy semen.

Urinalysis

Sometimes, sperm cells pass all the standard medical tests for fertility, but you still have trouble growing your family.

That could indicate a condition called normozoospermic infertility, meaning that the sperm cells themselves are infertile. Here’s where urinalysis comes in.

How urinalysis is done

At the doctor’s office or the testing facility, you’ll be given a plastic cup and asked to be provide a small, clean urine sample. Use the cleaning wipe you’ve been given to wipe around your urethra to prevent bacteria on your penis from entering the cup.

What urinalysis shows about fertility

A 2014 study shows that doctors can now test for normozoospermic infertility by tracking the levels of five biomarkers (small molecules) in urine.

While standard fertility tests may capture 75 percent of cases, the researchers were able to correctly identify 86 percent of the infertile men and 87 percent of the fertile men.

What does that mean for you? While there’s still more research needed in this area, researchers suggest that the variant levels of these biomarkers may point to physiological problems as the root of normozoospermic infertility.

Making sperm is an energy-intensive process and any spoke in the production wheel could disrupt proper sperm production. The more we learn about the biomarkers, the easier it will be to fix any physiological problems.

Hormone testing

The pituitary gland, hypothalamus, and testicles work together when it comes to sperm production.

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) — acting together with testosterone, which is produced in the testicles — are involved in the process.

A simple blood test will show the level of these three important hormones in your blood.

FSH

This hormone contributes to sperm production.

High levels may indicate that your testicles aren’t functioning properly or have been damaged by disease, X-rays, or chemotherapy. Low levels may show that you aren’t producing sperm.

LH

This is produced in the pituitary gland. In the testes, LT binds to receptors in the Leydig cells to release testosterone, which is needed to produce sperm.

LH levels can also be measured after giving an injection of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). The advantage to measuring LH this way is that your doctor can then pinpoint whether the problem is with your pituitary gland or another part of your body.

Testosterone

Healthy testosterone levels for men range between 300 to 1,000 nanograms per deciliter (ng/dL). Keep in mind that after the age of 40, testosterone levels decrease by an average of around 1 percent every year.

Imaging to check for anatomical issues and any obstructions

In some cases, your doctor may ask for imaging to check that your anatomical structure is OK and that there are no obstructions.

Scrotal ultrasound

In this exam, a handheld probe is swept across your scrotum. The scan uses high-frequency sound waves to check for:

  • infections
  • cysts
  • a collection of fluids inside the testicles
  • tumors

The test also checks for testicular torsion and varicoceles. While many adult men have a varicocele and are never bothered by it, if you’re dealing with infertility, your doctor may recommend surgery.

Transrectal ultrasound

A small, lubricated wand is inserted into your rectum. The imaging helps your doctor to check your prostate and check that there are no blockages in the vas deferens. Blockages can be corrected with surgery.

Anti-sperm antibodies testing

Usually, sperm doesn’t come into contact with the rest of your body and immune system. However, injury, surgery, or prostate gland infections can interfere with this protective system.

And when sperm comes into contact with your immune system, the body may produce anti-sperm antibodies.

Your doctor may ask for an anti-sperm antibody test if the cause for infertility is still missing.

You’ll be asked to provide a sample of semen. The test checks your semen for antibodies that fight against your sperm by using a substance that binds only to affected sperm.

The higher the level of sperm affected by antibodies, the lower the chance of a sperm fertilizing an egg. (These antibodies can also be found in women, so your doctor may ask for your partner to get tested too.)

Doctors are divided over whether this testing is advisable. Some say it doesn’t help set a treatment plan for infertility; others advise taking medication to lower the body’s immune response.

Testicular biopsy

This test may come at the end of the line if the other tests you’ve done aren’t conclusive.

In this test, a sample is removed from the testicle, either with a needle or through a small cut. If the results of the testicular biopsy show that sperm production is normal, your infertility may be caused by a blockage or some other problem with sperm transport.

Genetic testing

Following the development of in vitro fertilizing techniques, research on genetic causes for infertility has expanded. Genetic abnormalities are found in 10 percent to 20 percent of men who have severe disorders with sperm production.

Genetic testing carried out on DNA can help rule out chromosomal abnormalities, especially in men with either azoospermia (no sperm present in the semen) or oligozoospermia (low sperm count).

The test results can:

  • relieve you of uncertainty
  • help you avoid unnecessary surgical or medical treatments
  • help you make informed decisions on what your next steps should be

If everything checks out A-OK for you and your partner

If you’ve done all the tests and everything has come up as normal, you may hear your doctor saying “idiopathic infertility.” Basically, this means that at the moment, there’s no way of figuring out the cause for your infertility.

While it won’t ease your frustration and pain, know that your uncertainty is shared by many. Idiopathic infertility is an extremely common infertility diagnosis in both men and women.

The bottom line

Depending on your diagnosis, you may find that you need to draw on reserves that you never knew you had.

But there are many options for medically assisted pregnancy. And remember many male infertility diagnoses can be successfully treated.

Celery Benefits for Men: Fact or Fiction?

Does Celery Have Benefits for Men?

Written by Daniel Preiato, RD, CSCS on November 13, 2020 — Medically reviewed by Jillian Kubala, MS, RD

This article is a repost which originally appeared on Healthline

Edited for content

Consuming celery and its juice has become increasingly popular in recent years due to its purported health benefits, one of them being improved sexual health for men.

Despite the lofty claims of various media outlets, data on the specific health benefits of consuming celery remains limited.

Nevertheless, some may wonder whether consuming celery has benefits for men.

This article details the potential effects of eating celery on several markers of men’s sexual health.

Myths vs. science

Various myths are circulating regarding celery’s purported benefits. Here’s what science has to say about some of the most common ones.

Does celery increase androsterone levels?

Androsterone is a weak steroid metabolite of the sex hormone testosterone, which naturally occurs in both sexes, although to a greater extent in men than in women (1).

This hormone, in conjunction with others, contributes to male characteristics like body hair and is found in human sweat (1).

Several media sources claim that celery is packed with androsterone and thus can lead to increased testosterone levels and sex drive in men.

Although some studies show that celery contains androsterone, there’s no evidence that eating celery or drinking its juice increases androsterone levels or improves sex drive in men.

Could this veggie be considered an aphrodisiac?

Aphrodisiacs are foods or drugs that stimulate sexual desire.

Pheromones are chemical hormones that function outside of the body and play a role in various phenomena, one of which is sexual attraction.

Androsterone is considered a pheromone, as it’s found in small amounts in human sweat.

Some claim that celery can serve as an aphrodisiac due to its pheromonic properties when eaten, though little to no research has been conducted on this subject. Therefore, more data is needed to confirm this potential effect.

SummaryWhile several media sources claim that celery can boost androsterone levels and serve as an aphrodisiac, limited to no data supports this theory, and more research is necessary.

Other potential benefits

Though data on the specific effects of celery intake on male sexual health is limited, celery may provide some other potential benefits.

May promote fertility

Celery is high in vitamin C and phytonutrients, which are antioxidant plant compounds that have been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties.

While antioxidants can help reduce disease risk, they may also promote male sexual health.

More specifically, select human studies suggest that a high antioxidant intake can help improve sperm count and motility, both vital factors in male fertility.

One animal study observed an increase in sperm production when supplementing with celery leaf extract.

However, extracts are much more concentrated and don’t necessarily compare to eating celery or drinking its juice.

Moreover, additional human research is needed to determine the specific benefits of celery on male fertility.

May help lower blood pressure

Celery and its juice may also aid blood pressure control.

This is likely due to the naturally occurring nitrates found in celery, which can promote heart health and help lower blood pressure.

What’s more, high blood pressure has been repeatedly linked to erectile dysfunction in men.

That said, regularly consuming a wide variety of fruits and vegetables, including celery, may improve symptoms of erectile dysfunction, though more data is needed on this subject to establish its specific benefits.

Lastly, depending on the degree of high blood pressure, prescription drugs may also be required. As such, it’s best to consult your healthcare provider.

High in vitamin K

Celery is a rich source of vitamin K, with 1 cup (124 grams) providing around 30% of the daily requirement for men.

Vitamin K is an important nutrient for blood clotting and bone health.

While the bacteria in your gut produce some vitamin K, dietary sources are required to help meet the daily requirement, which is around 120 mcg for men.

Regularly eating celery is a great way to help maintain vitamin K levels, in turn promoting bone health and efficient blood clotting.

SummaryThough data on the effect of celery on men’s health is limited, it may provide a few potential benefits, including promoting fertility, regulating blood pressure, and providing a rich source of vitamin K.

The bottom line

Consuming celery and its juice is an emerging health trend that claims to offer various benefits related to men’s sexual health, though data is lacking.

While it may marginally contribute to fertility, as well as help regulate blood pressure, more data is needed to determine its specific effects on other factors surrounding male sexual health.

That said, including celery and its juice as a part of an overall balanced diet is an excellent way to improve your nutritional intake and reap the benefits of the antioxidants it provides.

 

Fish oil can boost sperm count and make men’s testicles BIGGER, study claims

Fish oil can boost sperm count and make men’s testicles BIGGER, study claims

  • Scientists in Denmark tested the sperm and testicles of young, healthy men
  • Supplement-takers had bigger testicles and ejaculated more sperm, on average
  • Research only observed the link and could not prove supplements caused this
  • Experts say omega-3 could be a part of general good health, which is beneficial

By Sam Blanchard Senior Health Reporter For Mailonline
Published: 11:00 EDT, 17 January 2020 | Updated: 15:06 EDT, 17 January 2020

This article is a repost which originally appeared on MAILONLINE

Edited for content

Fish oil supplements could make men’s testicles bigger and boost their sperm count, a study claims.

Men who took the pills, which contain omega-3 fatty acids, were found to have testicles 1.5ml larger and to ejaculate 0.64ml more sperm, on average.

The men, who had an average age of 18, were included as regular supplement-takers if they had consumed fish oil for at least 60 out of the past 90 days.

Larger testicles and more sperm creation is linked to higher testosterone levels and better fertility, although the study did not test how fertile the men were.

The experiment was described by scientists as ‘well-conducted’ and ‘insightful’ but it was clear that it did not prove fish oil makes men more fertile.

Fish oil supplements contain omega-3 fatty acids, which are believed to reduce the risks of heart disease and improve brain health.

Researchers from the University of Southern Denmark did their study using 1,679 young Danish men going through military fitness testing.

In Denmark military service is mandatory for all healthy men over the age of 18, so the men in the study were not yet soldiers.

Each of the men were screened for STIs, had physical exams, gave sperm samples and then answered questions about their diets and lifestyles.

If someone was considered a regular fish oil supplement user, the research found, they produced millions more sperm in an average ejaculation.

The researchers wrote in their paper: ‘Fish oil supplements were associated … with higher semen volume and total sperm count, and larger testicular size.’

Ninety-eight men in the study said they took fish oil supplements regularly, while another 95 took vitamin D or C supplements.

Men in the fish oil group were less likely to have fertility problems, which were judged against the World Health Organization’s low sperm count limit of 39 million sperm per ml of semen.

The scientists found that 12.4 per cent of the men who took fish oil supplements (12 out of 98) had sperm counts below the WHO’s measure.

This compared to 17.2 per cent (192 out of 1,125) men who took no supplements.

And the longer someone had been taking supplements for, the more sperm they were likely to produce.

The researchers added that, based on a model fit and healthy 19-year-old: ‘Total sperm count was 147 million for men with no supplement intake, 159 million for men with other supplement intake, 168 million for men with fish oil supplement intake on fewer than 60 days, and 184 million for men with fish oil supplement intake on 60 or more days.’

The study did not give exact measurements for men’s testicle volume or sperm volumes – they only compared the two groups.

And the scientists could not explain why – if it was true – the fish oil improved sperm quality.

It was also not clear whether increased sperm volume was caused by – or caused – the change in testicle size.

Scientists not involved with the research said the study had been well-conducted but it didn’t say how much fish oil the men took.

And nor did it reveal the men’s diets, which may have shown they were getting omega-3 from other sources such as fresh fish.

Professor Sheena Lewis, reproductive medicine expert at Queen’s University, Belfast, said: ‘This is a large well-designed study and the association between fish oil intake and improved semen quality is compelling.

‘However, the study focuses on healthy young men; mostly with sperm counts already in the fertile range.

‘There is no evidence from this study that infertile men with low sperm counts benefit from fish oil.’

Dr Frankie Phillips, of the British Dietetic Association, said missing information about the men’s diets did make the study’s results less convincing.

She added: ‘Antioxidants, including vitamin C, selenium and vitamin A, as well as zinc and omega-3 fats all have a role in the production of healthy sperm.

‘There is much focus on the diets of women who are trying to conceive, ensuring that they are in the best possible position to achieve a healthy pregnancy, but diet might also be a factor involved in men’s reproductive health.

‘Omega-3 is present in a both animal and plant derived foods, but oily fish stands out as an excellent source of long chain omega-3, and the UK population currently consume way below the recommended ‘at least one portion of oily fish per week’.

‘So including omega-3 is already part of current dietary recommendations – this study on its own can’t prove that upping omega-3 will itself improve testicular function.’

The research was published in the journal JAMA Network Open, by the American Medical Association.

Testes: Anatomy and Function, Diagram, Conditions, and Health Tips

Testes: Anatomy and Function, Diagram, Conditions, and Health Tips

Medically reviewed by Alana Biggers, MD on May 29, 2018 — Written by Tim Jewell

This article is a repost which originally appeared on HealthLine

Edited for content

What are testes?

The testes — also called testicles — are two oval-shaped organs in the male reproductive system. They’re contained in a sac of skin called the scrotum. The scrotum hangs outside the body in the front of the pelvic region near the upper thighs.

Structures within the testes are important for the production and storage of sperm until they’re mature enough for ejaculation. The testes also produce a hormone called testosterone. This hormone is responsible for sex drive, fertility, and the development of muscle and bone mass.

Anatomy and function of testes

The main function of the testes is producing and storing sperm. They’re also crucial for creating testosterone and other male hormones called androgens.

Testes get their ovular shape from tissues known as lobules. Lobules are made up of coiled tubes surrounded by dense connective tissues.

Seminiferous tubules

Seminiferous tubules are coiled tubes that make up most of each testis. The cells and tissues in the tubules are responsible for spermatogenesis, which is the process of creating sperm.

These tubules are lined with a layer of tissue called the epithelium. This layer is made up of Sertoli cells that aid in the production of hormones that generate sperm. Among the Sertoli cells are spermatogenic cells that divide and become spermatozoa, or sperm cells.

The tissues next to the tubules are called Leydig cells. These cells produce male hormones, such as testosterone and other androgens.

Rete testis

After sperm is created in the seminiferous tubules, sperm cells travel toward the epididymis through the rete testis. The rete testis helps to mix sperm cells around in the fluid secreted by Sertoli cells. The body reabsorbs this fluid as sperm cells travel from the seminiferous tubules to the epididymis.

Before sperm can get to the epididymis, they can’t move. Millions of tiny projections in the rete testis, known as microvilli, help move sperm along to the efferent tubules.

Efferent ducts

The efferent ducts are a series of tubes that join the rete testis to the epididymis. The epididymis stores sperm cells until they’re mature and ready for ejaculation.

These ducts are lined with hair-like projections called cilia. Along with a layer of smooth muscle, cilia help move the sperm into the epididymis.

The efferent ducts also absorb most of the fluid that helps to move sperm cells. This results in a higher concentration of sperm in ejaculate fluid.

Tunica: Vasculosa, albuginea, and vaginalis

The testes are surrounded by several layers of tissue. They are the:

  • tunica vasculosa
  • tunica albuginea
  • tunica vaginalis

Tunica vasculosa is the first thin layer of blood vessels. This layer shields the tubular interior of each testicle from further layers of tissue around the outer testicle.

The next layer is called the tunica albuginea. It’s a thick, protective layer made of densely packed fibers that further protect the testes.

The outermost layers of tissue are called the tunica vaginalis. The tunica vaginalis consists of three layers:

  • Visceral layer. This layer surrounds the tunica albuginea that shields the seminiferous tubules.
  • Cavum vaginale. This layer is an empty space between the visceral layer and the outermost layer of the tunica vaginalis.
  • Parietal layer. This layer is the outermost protective layer that surrounds almost the entire testicular structure.

What conditions affect the testes?

Many conditions can affect the testes. Here’s a list of some of the most common ones.

Hydrocele

A hydrocele happens when excess fluid builds up in the cavities around one of your testicles. This is sometimes present at birth, but it can also result from an injury or inflammation.

Hydrocele symptoms include:

  • testicular swelling that gets more noticeable as the day goes on
  • a dull ache in your scrotum
  • feeling heaviness in your scrotum

Hydroceles usually don’t require treatment unless they’re very large or painful. Most go away on their own, but more severe cases might require surgical removal.

Testicular torsion

Testicular torsion means that your testicle has rotated in the scrotum. This can wind up the spermatic cord, cutting off blood supply, nerve function, and sperm transport to your scrotum.

Symptoms of testicular torsion include:

  • severe scrotum pain
  • swelling of the testicle
  • lower abdominal pain
  • feeling nauseous
  • vomiting
  • feeling like the testicle is out of place
  • urinating more than usual

Several things can cause testicular torsion, including:

  • injury to the scrotum
  • exercising too long or hard
  • being exposed to cold temperatures
  • free movement of the testicle in the scrotum caused by a genetic condition

Your doctor can treat testicular torsion by moving the testicle by hand. Some cases might require surgery to untwist the spermatic cord.

Orchitis

Orchitis refers to a swollen or inflamed testicle. Like epididymitis, orchitis often results from an infection caused by an STI.

Orchitis symptoms include:

  • testicular pain and tenderness
  • a swollen testicle
  • fever
  • feeling nauseous
  • vomiting

Both bacterial and viral infections can cause orchitis. A combination of antibiotics or antiviral medication, along with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or cold packs can help reduce discomfort and pain. Orchitis usually disappears in 7-10 days.

Hypogonadism

Hypogonadism happens when your body doesn’t make enough testosterone. It can result from a testicular issue or because your brain doesn’t properly stimulate hormone production.

You can be born with this condition. It can also happen due to an injury, infection, or other condition that affects testosterone production.

Symptoms of hypogonadism vary depending on age:

  • In infants. The genitals might not be clearly male, or both sets of genitals might be present.
  • In teenagers. Symptoms may include:
    • a lack of muscle development
    • little body hair growth
    • no voice deepening
    • unusual arm and leg growth relative to the rest of the body
  • In adults. Symptoms may include:
    • a lack of fertility
    • loss of body hair
    • growth of breast tissue
    • loss of bone density
    • an inability to get an erection

Hypogonadism is usually treated with hormone replacement therapy. It’s aimed at either the brain or testes, depending on the source of low testosterone production.

Testicular cancer

Testicular cancer happens when cancerous cells multiply within the tissue of your testicles. It commonly starts in the tubular testicle structures that help produce sperm.

The cause of testicular cancer isn’t always clear.

Symptoms of testicular cancer can include:

  • a lump in your testicle
  • feeling heaviness in your scrotum
  • fluids in your scrotum
  • testicular pain
  • abdominal or back pain
  • swollen or tender breast tissue

Sometimes, your doctor can surgically remove the affected tissue. In other cases, you may need to have an entire testicle removed. Radiation therapy or chemotherapy can also help destroy cancer cells.

What are common symptoms of a testicular condition?

See your doctor if you notice any of the following symptoms in one or both of your testes:

  • long-term pain that’s either dull or sharp
  • swelling
  • tenderness
  • a sensation of heaviness

Other symptoms of a problem with the testes include:

  • feeling sick
  • throwing up
  • abnormal abdominal or back pain
  • having to pee frequently
  • abnormal growth of breast tissue

Tips for healthy testes

Try the following to keep your scrotum in good health:

Do a monthly testicular self-exam

Roll each testicle around in your scrotum using your fingers. Check for lumps and swollen or tender areas.

Bathe regularly

Take a shower or bath every day to keep your entire genital area clean. This reduces your risk of infections that can cause other complications. Keep your penis and scrotal area dry after bathing. Moisture trapped in the area can quickly become a breeding ground for bacteria.

Wear loose, comfortable clothing

Try to avoid wearing tight underwear and pants. Allow your scrotum to hang naturally from your body to help keep the scrotal temperature low and prevent injury.

Wear protection when you have sex

Wear a condom when doing any kind of sexual activity involving your penis. This helps to prevent sexually transmitted diseases that affect your scrotum and testicles.

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Doctors claim new coronavirus ‘may cause damage to a man’s TESTICLES’ as they urge male patients to take fertility tests upon recovery

Doctors claim new coronavirus ‘may cause damage to a man’s TESTICLES’ as they urge male patients to take fertility tests upon recovery

  • Doctors in Wuhan warned the disease may affect the production of sperm
  • However no study has proved the new coronavirus will affect men’s fertility
  • The experts suggested the likelihood of serious immune damage in the testes
  • They urged recovered male patients to test sperm quality and hormone levels  
  • Coronavirus symptoms: what are they and should you see a doctor?

By Tracy You For Mailonline

This article is a repost which originally appeared on DailyMail

Edited for content

Medics from a hospital in Wuhan have suggested the likelihood that the novel coronavirus can affect the production of sperm and the formation of male sex hormones.

Although the coronavirus mainly targets one’s lungs and immune system, it can, in theory, impair a man’s abilities to reproduce, according to Wuhan’s Tongji Hospital.

The comments were made yesterday by Prof Li Yufeng and his team at the hospital’s Centre for Reproductive Medicine.

Tongji Hospital, affiliated to Huazhong University of Science and Technology, is one of the hospitals designated by the government to treat coronavirus patients since an outbreak started in Wuhan in January.

Coronaviruses are so named because their structure has jagged edges which look like a royal crown – corona is crown in Latin (Pictured, an illustration of the COVID-19 virus released by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

The comments were made yesterday by Prof Li Yufeng at the Centre for Reproductive Medicine from Wuhan’s Tongji Hospital.

According to the experts, the new coronavirus, known as SARS-CoV-2, enters human cells and causes tissue damage by binding its spike protein to cell membrane protein angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2).

ACE2 is known to be present in other human organs apart from the lungs and can especially be abundant in a man’s testes. It can be concentrated in several cells which are directly related to the male reproductive abilities, including the germ cells, supporting cells and Leydig cells, the team claimed.

They added that during the SARS outbreak in 2002 and 2003, medics observed serious immune system damage in the testicles of some male patients.

Even though doctors did not detect the SARS coronavirus, or SARS-CoV, in patients’ testicles, they could suffer inflammation in their sexual organs, the study said.

In a report released by the hospital, Prof Li and his team showed a graphic (above) illustrating the cells in a healthy testicle. They studied the impact of SARS coronavirus on male patients

Another image released by the team shows the cells in a patient’s testicle after he recovered from an infection caused by the SARS coronavirus. The medics have warned of similar inflammation to men struck down with the novel coronavirus, which has killed at least 4,718

Since the new coronavirus is highly similar to the SARS coronavirus and the two share the same host cell receptor ACE2, the team concluded that, in theory, the new coronavirus could cause damage to men’s testicles.

‘Therefore, for men who have had the infection, especially those who need to reproduce, it is best to undergo relevant fertility tests, such as sperm quality and hormone level tests, upon recovery to detect possible problems as soon as possible,’ a hospital report wrote.

More than 100 countries are now fighting the fast-spreading contagion, which was first detected Wuhan in central China.

China today declared that ‘the peak of the coronavirus in the country has passed’.

The World Health Organization yesterday declared the coronavirus outbreak a pandemic after blaming ‘alarming levels of inaction’ by governments across the planet for fuelling the crisis.

While China today declared that ‘the peak of the coronavirus in the country has passed’.

The disease has killed at least 4,718 people and infected more than 126,000 across the world.