Diabetes is not a black and white disease. In the past, it was divided into type 1(Sometimes called Juvenal diabetes)and type 2 (sometimes called adult onset diabetes). Type 1 diabetes is caused by an autoimmune condition which destroys beta cells in the pancreas so that eventually no insulin Is produced and exogenous insulin is required to stay alive. Type 2 diabetes is caused by Developing insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is when cells in your muscles, fat, and liver don’t respond well to insulin and can’t use glucose from your blood for energy. Type 2s that have developed significant resistance are unable to produce enough insulin to overcome the resistance and need to introduce exogenous insulin to off-set the resistance.
As with most diseases, there are degrees of Type 2 diabetes so, accordingly, one size does not fit all. Some type 2s are able to control their diabetes with diet and exercise. Others with more severe resistance require exogenous insulin or a combination of insulin and medication while others with severe resistance combined with a pancreas that produces little or no insulin require a significant amount of exogenous insulin, often more than a type 1 diabetic.
I, unfortunately, fall into the later category. For the first few years after diagnosis, I was treated with diet and oral medications (zetia and Metformin) which eventually was not enough to prevent high blood sugar levels and was prescribed fast acting insulin to cover carbohydrate consumption (Bolus insulin) and subsequently slow acting insulin was added to cover between meal needs (basal insulin.) However, as my condition continued to worsen, Eight years ago I was prescribed an insulin pump that automatically controls basal insulin needs based on preset patterns and allows me to set Bolus insulin needs with the click of a button.
As indicated above, type 2 diabetes comes in all forms and degrees and It’s treatment needs to be determined on a case by case basis.
In addition to types 1 and 2, there is now type 1.5. Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is a slow-progressing form of autoimmune diabetes. Like the autoimmune disease type 1 diabetes, LADA occurs because your pancreas stops producing adequate insulin, most likely from some "insult" that slowly damages the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.
At this point, I won’t get into pre-diabetes.